Kashmir is a region located in the northern part of the Indian subcontinent. It is bordered by Pakistan to the west, China to the northeast, and India to the south. The region is known for its natural beauty, including its snow-capped mountains, picturesque valleys, and serene lakes. Kashmir has a rich history and cultural heritage, with influences from Buddhism, Islam, and Hinduism.

The region has been a source of conflict between India and Pakistan since the two countries gained independence in 1947. India and Pakistan both claim the region in its entirety, but each controls only a part of it. The Line of Control (LoC), which is heavily guarded by troops from both countries, divides the region into two parts: the Indian-administered Jammu and Kashmir and the Pakistan-administered Azad Jammu and Kashmir.

The conflict has resulted in several wars and skirmishes between India and Pakistan, as well as human rights abuses, including torture, disappearances, and extrajudicial killings, committed by Indian security forces in the Indian-administered part of Kashmir. The situation in Kashmir remains a contentious issue and a source of tension between the two countries.